The United States And Switzerland Health Care System

Finding a healthcare system that is beneficial and affordable for the country’s citizens is challenging and often seems impossible due to the high price of medical care and the broad spectrum of healthcare issues that insurance plans must cover. The debate of a healthcare system which is affordable, effective, and accessible for the majority of the population is a topic of great discussion. The United States and Switzerland health care systems are prime examples of this debate. The United States has The Affordable Care Act, or Obama Care as it is commonly known in Switzerland residents have a Universal Health Care System. While both systems provide health care to their residents, they each have good and less desirable aspects to them. The US health care system is a mixture of private and public sectors. About 80% of care is provided by the private sector. This includes hospitals, doctors, pharmacies, medical devices and medical research. The biggest price tag by far comes from the medical research aspect. This cost has to be passed down to the consumer of course. About 60% of Americans have health insurance which is provided by their employer. People who get their insurance through their employer don’t get charged more based on prior illness, age or gender. Insurance coverage can range in benefits and coverage, but pretty much cover preventative care, prescriptions, and medical care for illness. There is also a co-pay that needs to be payed this is usuallyShow MoreRelatedCompare Us And Switzerland Healthcare Case Study911 Words   |  4 PagesCompare US and Switzerland Healthcare Systems In 2010, the United States created The Affordable Care Act (ACA). The objective was to share the responsibility of costs between the government, individuals, and employers to provide affordable access to quality health insurance. â€Å"However, health coverage remains fragmented, with numerous private and public sources, as well as wide gaps in insured rates across the U.S. population.† (â€Å"United States: International Health Care System Profiles,† n.d.). EachRead MoreSwitzerland Case Study976 Words   |  4 Pageswritten assignment is a comparison of the United States’s health care system to Switzerland’s health care system. The United states do not have a universal health care system. It has a regulated healthcare market system composed of private insurance companies, health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. Tricare is health insurance for military, spouses,dependents and beneficiaries.(Cherry, B, (2014)) Government fun ded programs provide health coverage for the unemployed, elderlyRead MoreHealth Care Systems Of Switzerland855 Words   |  4 Pages Health Care Systems of Switzerland Switzerland’s health care system is not tax based or is not company paid either. If you are planning on moving to Switzerland within three months of being there, you must contact a public or private health insurance company provider. Upon buying your insurance each member of your family is individually cover no matter what the ages are, and as soon as you receive your insurance it starts immediately, and youRead MoreSwitzerland Health Care System993 Words   |  4 Pages The United States’s and Switzerland’s health care systems are compared and analyzed for this written assignment. The United states do not have a universal health care system. It has a regulated healthcare market system composed of private insurance companies, health maintenance organizations and preferred provider organizations. Tricare is health insurance for military, spouses,dependents and beneficiaries.(Cherry, B, (2014)) Government funded programs provide health coverage for theRead MoreSwitzerland Case Study765 Words   |  4 PagesWhich country has the best health care in the world? Well according to Business Insider, Switzerland ranks as number three in the world (Martin, 2017). As of 2016, Switzerland’s population was estimated to be a little over eight million people with a growth rate of 0.7%, a birth rate of 10.5 births per 1,000, and a death rate of 8.2 deaths per 1,000. When broken down by age the population looks approximately as follows: zero to fourteen is 15.1% (51.5% male, 48.5% female), fifteen to twenty-fourRead MoreAmericas Universal Healthcare Coverage1744 Words   |  7 PagesThis says to me that the United States must look within itself and make the moral determination as to whether healthcare should be considered a fundamental right granted to all its citizens as a theme of this book. Once addressed, the United States can join the other industrialized countries who have long since implemented universal healthcare systems such as Germany, France, United Kingdom, United Kingdom, Canada who have more cost effective systems which produce better health outcomes than the US.1Read MoreFrontline: Sick Around the World975 Words   |  4 P agesHealth care has been a debatable topic for many years now. More than half of Americas are without health coverage. On the other side the world places like Germany and Japan required that everyone has insurance. In the videos, Sick Around the World and Sick Around America, Frontline examines the health care system in the United States and parts of the world such as, England, Japan, Germany, Taiwan, and Switzerland, for some responses about health care. In the video Sick Around the World, FrontlineRead MoreThe World Happiness Report Is Not The Elusive State Of Emotional Happiness1541 Words   |  7 Pageselusive state of emotional happiness, but rather your state of being, happiness at your core which does not wane day-to-day like emotions. Happiness reports are being used to show quality of life, and help governments to be able to pass legislature that improves the lives of all people in their countries. The World Happiness Report is a research-based paper that has been published by the United Nations for the past 3 years. They gather information from surveys, economic studies, health recordsRead MoreThe Affordable Care Act Of The United States1343 Words   |  6 PagesIt is no surprise that the Affordable Care Act is a huge controversy in the U.S. presently, when it was first introduced there was a huge reaction on how this would never work. But what makes the Affordable Care Act work and not work when the people haven’ t even given it a chance? Evidently the real problem is when people use and hear the term â€Å"social medicine.† This simple term shakes the nation and the minds of others go straight to a communism approach. In order to shed light and make the doubtersRead MoreWhy The United States Ranks So Poorly During The American Health System869 Words   |  4 Pages According to Schroeder â€Å" the United States spends more on health care than any other nation in the world, but ranks poorly on every measure of health status† ( Schroeder,1). Schroeder discussed the two main reasons why the United States ranks so poorly on every measure of the health system. One of the reasons for the low ranking in the American health system is â€Å"the pathways to better health do not generally depend on better health care† (Schroeder, 1); the fact that we have access to advance tools

One of the Most Incredibly Disregarded Options for Apush 2015 Essay Samples

One of the Most Incredibly Disregarded Options for Apush 2015 Essay Samples Writing an APUSH essay turns out to be difficult because of absence of time. High school essay examples incorporate a number of short essays like narrative, persuasive and analytical. Writing a high school essay if you've got the tips about how to do essay effectively. High school essays are structured very similarly whatever the topic and excellent essay structure will enable you to write a very clear essay that flows from 1 paragraph to the next. The following suggestions will provide you a better grasp about how to compose an APUSH essay or what things to anticipate from it. Our objective is to supply you with a professionally written essay on the subject you require. There's numerous essays completed by them. The Tried and True Method for Apush 2015 Essay Samples in Step by Step Detail Public high schools have their very own fair share of issues and in the event the student isn't careful, they could wind up in a massive mess. You can't pass this kind of exam in general without preparation and extensive knowledge in the area of the U.S. History. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about a coming deadline. They must have a high level of discipline to have on a uniform because this method of dressing does not allow you to dress in any other fashion or particular style that you desire. The Dirty Truth About Apush 2015 Essay Samples Aside from the positives, let us take a look at the negative facets of worki ng with a low-cost essay support. You can readily find essay writing services which could write for you at cheap prices. Disadvantages of employing an affordable essay service Quality If you're opting for cheaper service, bear in mind that it might not be up to the mark. Students should settle on which position they ought to take based upon the number and caliber of the points they're ready to come up with to support their position. The Battle Over Apush 2015 Essay Samples and How to Win It College Board sample essay sets are a fantastic means to test how well you comprehend the rubric. Such last-minute searching never becomes futile, which results in unfinished essay assignments and ends in a poor grade. One of the simplest regions to come across APUSH DBQ samples is in your classroom. Nevertheless, not all DBQ essay examples are made equal. Emphasize your position is the very best by summarizing the key points of your argument. While the focus is principally on your sid e, there's also a discussion about the opposing side which goes far beyond a single sentence or a paragraph. Bear in mind that the period of your essay is based on the assignment offered to you. The main portion of a brief essay is known as the body. Our rates are reasonable, and it permits you to have your paper revised free of charge. When you're in high school, it's definite that you're predicted to do a few write-ups and projects which require pen and paper. It isn't as demanding as other kinds of academic papers, but nevertheless, it can provide you an overall insight on writing providing you with the fundamental skills of information gathering, creating an outline, and editing. Some students find plenty of difficulty writing the essay, even if they have the ability to locate strong points. Apush 2015 Essay Samples Explained Personal essays can on occasion consist of personal information which you would not like to share. Moreover, our English-speaking writers make sur e every order has original content and a suitable structure. You're able to read more on the subject of the different citation styles at this site. Look through the list of topics cautiously and start making a mental collection of the evidence it is possible to use on topics you prefer. If you are in need of a website that will supply you with an extensive collection of samples, then you're at the appropriate place. Should you need more assistance with editing and revising, there are a few free tools readily available online. Go through the list below. Using Apush 2015 Essay Samples Timing your writing can help you become aware of areas you might need to work on. Know as much as possible about your side, but know equally as much if not more on the topic of the opposing side too. Writing has existed for quite a lengthy moment.

Subtotal Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis

Question: Discuss about the Subtotal Colectomy for Ulcerative Colitis. Answer: Intorduction: The case history of Eleanor shows that she has been suffering from chronic ulcerative colitis that has recently exacerbated. Upon receiving instruction from the medical officer regarding the administration of morphine to the patient in appropriate dosage of 15 mg, four times a day through intramuscular (IM) route and as needed, the registered nurse is liable to perform her nursing responsibilities. The nurse who has been deemed competent for medication administration like that of Morphine is to undertake the duty. The NMBA guidelines for registered Nurses Standards of Practice are to be abided by to harbor optimal outcomes in the patient. Critical thinking and analysis of the nursing practice will be strictly followed. Management of acute pain will be done by means of IM morphine injection due to variable drug absorption as per peripheral perfusion that might be delayed post administration (Parisinos, 2014). Therapeutic and professional relationships will be emphasized whereby the un ique experiences of the Eleanor as patient, respect for her autonomy and legal capacity will be considered to optimize the health related decisions. Upon administration, continuous pain assessments need to be conducted to procure pertinent information thereby informing appropriate practice. In case any discrepancy to pain management upon IM morphine administration is noted, the findings should be documented and reevaluated through consultation with the attending physician to modify the therapeutic plan for facilitating quicker respite. The available guidelines for morphine administration are to be followed and implemented to allow provision for quality, safe and appropriate intervention. Evaluation must be carried on regular basis upon administration for any adverse drug reactions or side effects for monitoring the progress towards the projected objective of pain amelioration (Buchs et al., 2017). Ulcerative colitis refers to a kind of inflammatory bowel disease that affects the innermost lining of the large intestine in the colon and rectum region causing inflammation and repetitive soreness in the gastrointestinal tract. Persons who are genetically predisposed to develop an aberrant immunological response concerning the gut luminal antigen are likely to develop the disease in combination with the influence of the external and internal environmental factors. Further the altered immune response occurs as a result of antibodies generation against bacteria and bacterial materials (Dalal Chang, 2014). Mucosal and sub mucosal structural changes at the level of the colon cause increase in the cellular infiltrate, mucosal atrophy and faulty crypt architecture characterized by an irregular surface. The architectural disorientation and pattern of inflammation appears to intensify from proximal to distal colon in ulcerative colitis that are revealed on histological examination. As a c onsequence of these structural alterations certain functional changes also take place. Mucosal damage followed by bile acid malabsorbtion, heightened bacterial growth, and protein exudation from mucosa occurs. The colonic mucosa is the vulnerable site for inflammation and ulceration in ulcerative colitis along with the rectum. Bacterial products and inflammatory mediators together contribute to account for these changes (Rogler, 2014). All these culminated in the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis in the patient that further led to Eleanors episodes of diarrhea with blood and pus. The intravenous fluid that was ordered for Eleanor was that of Hartmans solution. It is considered as a crystalloid solution having a mixture of fluid in which the active ingredients are sodium chloride, sodium lactate, potassium chloride and calcium chloride in water. It is generally used an an intravenous fluid for replenishing the body fluid and electrolytes that might have been lost due to various underlying pathologic reasons. It is closely isotonic with blood and therefore preferred as IV fluid. It is also suitable for application in cases of rise in the acidity of the blood. Situations relevant to low blood volume or hypotension are also pertinent for application of Hartmans fluid. It is usually considered inappropriate for patients suffering from congestive heart failure, ischemic disease, liver disease and kidney impairment (Severs, Hoorn Rookmaaker, 2014). As per the case study Eleanor has been reported of having low blood pressure along with slow capillary refilling. Furt hermore her urine output is found to be lower and coupled with the ulcerative colitis condition she has been suffering from it is likely to result in loss of vital fluid and electrolytes due to impaired digestion and absorption. Therefore it is quite justified to apply Hartmans fluid to replace her body fluid satisfactorily in keeping with the specific fluid balance status. However following application of this fluid, symptoms for side effects should be monitored and appropriate dosage should be administered for allaying the possibility of overdose repercussions (Raghunathan et al., 2014). References Buchs, N. C., Bloemendaal, A. L., Wood, C. P., Travis, S., Mortensen, N. J., Guy, R. J., George, B. D. (2017). Subtotal colectomy for ulcerative colitis: lessons learned from a tertiary centre.Colorectal Disease. Dalal, S. R., Chang, E. B. (2014). The microbial basis of inflammatory bowel diseases.The Journal of clinical investigation,124(10), 4190-4196. Parisinos, C. A. (2014). Station 4.1: Severe ulcerative colitis.The Unofficial Guide to Prescribing, 97. Raghunathan, K., Murray, P. T., Beattie, W. S., Lobo, D. N., Myburgh, J., Sladen, R., Shaw, A. D. (2014). Choice of fluid in acute illness: what should be given? An international consensus.British journal of anaesthesia,113(5), 772-783. Rogler, G. (2014). Chronic ulcerative colitis and colorectal cancer.Cancer letters,345(2), 235-241. Severs, D., Hoorn, E. J., Rookmaaker, M. B. (2014). A critical appraisal of intravenous fluids: from the physiological basis to clinical evidence.Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation, gfu005.

Need Potential Of Ireland Essays - Island Countries, Northern Europe

Need Potential Of Ireland Need Potential of Ireland The population of Ireland in 1998 was estimated to be 3,626,952. Included in this population were 1,800,232 males and 1,826,720 females. Ireland's population has been steadily increasing over the past ten years and is expected to grow at the same steady rate for the next five years. The increase in population has been attributed the increase in birthrate. The ratio of men to woman has made a tremendous change from year to year. Until 1996 the male population had been the greater of the two. Since 1996, the female population has dominated. In analyzing the population by age groups we find that we find that 40percent (the largest group) fall in between the ages of twenty and forty-four while 35percent are under the age of twenty and 25percent are over the age of forty-four. In taking a closer look, we find than an even smaller portion of people is over the age of sixty. This leads us to the conclusion that not many people in Ireland live over the age of sixty. Even though most of the people are Roman Catholics, there is a small Protestant minority. Throughout the Republic of Ireland freedom of worship is guaranteed. Ireland consists of central sections of lowlands, characterized by bogs and lakes and surrounded by low mountain rages that form a barrier between the lolands ad the perphery of the island. Carrantuohill (1041 miles ofbove sea level) in the McGillicuddy Reeks, a mountain range in the southwest, is the highest point on the island. The principle rivers of Ireland are the Erne and the Shannon. Ireland's economy was traditionally agricultrual until the middle 1950s when its industrial base expanded. Construction, mining, public utilities, and manufacturing now account for approximately 36 percent of the gross domestic product. Manufacturing is diversified and mining has an expanding role in the Irish econonmy as new discoveries of mineral deposits have increased mine production. Coal, lead, and zinc are very important. Agriculture is now only at 10 percent. Raising animals is the most important part of Ireland's agricultural. The major animal families being raised include cattle, sheep, hogs, horses, and poultry. Ireland principle crops are oats, barley, wheat, and potatoes. Ireland's economy is also attributed to the expanding of the country's fishing industry. Lobsters, prawns, oyesters, crawfish, and periwinkles form the bulk of the country's seafood exports. Sociology Issues

Reflecting Popes in Pieces of Art essays

Reflecting Popes in Pieces of Art essays The three pieces discussed in this essay are all closely related to popes of the Roman Catholic Church. Michelangelo's "The Last Judgment," Raphael's "School of Athens" and Pietro da Cortona's "Glorification of the Reign of Urban VIII" not only have their relation to a particular pope in common, but also are very good reflections of the artistic movements and historical events of the time in which each work was done. Raphael's "The School of Athens" was a work done on one wall of the Stanza della Segnatura, a former meeting room of the papal tribunal and Julius II's then current private library, at the request of Pope Julius II. Julius II had other artists working on the room when he saw some of Raphael's work. He then had the other artists stop work and called for Raphael to do the room instead. Raphael took over in 1508 (the same year Michelangelo was commissioned on the Sistine Chapel) and had completed the job in 1511. This piece is most significant in its reflection of the historical period. It was in this time during the Renaissance that the Medici family redefined business and people like Machiavelli brought about new political ideas in books like "The Prince." A new wave of thinking and reason was spreading. "The School of Athens" brings together all the ancient philosophies and their famous representatives while leaving out any reference to Christian themes. Tyhe painting personifie s the popular trend of the time. The painting is also completely representative of the High Renaissance style. The attention is completely on realistic, naturalistic portrayal of the figure. Notably the painting displays portraits of his contemporaries, Leonardo da Vinci (Plato) and Michelangelo (Heraklitos). The Leonardo portrait is assumed to pay tribute to his role as a thinker and artist in establishing the High Renaissance style. After returning back to Rome from Florence on the order of Pope Paul III, Michelangelo began work on "The...

List of Free Online Public Schools for Utah Students

List of Free Online Public Schools for Utah Students Utah offers resident students the opportunity to take online public school courses for free. Below is a list of no-cost online schools currently serving elementary and high school students in Utah. In order to qualify for the list, schools must meet the following qualifications: classes must be available completely online, they must offer services to state residents, and they must be funded by the government. Virtual schools listed may be charter schools, state-wide public programs, or private programs that receive government funding. List of Utah Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Utah Electronic High School (off-site link)Utah Virtual Academy (off-site link) About Online Charter Schools and Online Public Schools Many states now offer tuition-free online schools for resident students under a certain age (often 21). Most virtual schools are charter schools; they receive government funding and are run by a private organization. Online charter schools are subject to fewer restrictions than traditional schools. However, they are reviewed regularly and must continue to meet state standards. Some states also offer their own online public schools. These virtual programs generally operate from a state office or a school district. State-wide public school programs vary. Some online public schools offer a limited number of remedial or advanced courses not available in brick-and-mortar public school campuses. Others offer full online diploma programs. A few states choose to fund â€Å"seats† for students in private online schools. The number of available seats may be limited and students are usually asked to apply through their public school guidance counselor. (See also: 4 Types of Online High Schools). Choosing a Utah Online Public School When choosing an online public school, look for an established program that is regionally accredited and has a track record of success. Be wary of new schools that are disorganized, are unaccredited, or have been the subject of public scrutiny. For more suggestions on evaluating virtual schools see: How to Choose an Online High School.

Comparison of equity and common law in the field of breach of a Essay

Comparison of equity and common law in the field of breach of a fiduciary duty in a trust - Essay Example In "Junior books v Veitchi (1983) 1 AC 520" recovery of economic loss was imposed as liability. And the elements for constituting negligence such as (a) A duty of care owed by the defendant to the plaintiff (b) A bleach of that duty by the defendant (c) consequential damage suffered by the plaintiff (d) Such damages caused by the bleach are formulated. (Peter de Cruz 320) Equity is the Creation of Courts, it is innovative and it provides various quick remedies such as injunction, rescission, rectification and specific performance. Thus equity is not a separate law but it a supplement to the common law. Discretionary is common feature of equitable remedies. Equity has wider scope than the common law. The common law does not look into the conduct of the parties what is required is the claim has to proved. Once the claim is proved the damages are awarded. The common remedy in common law is awarding of damages. In Common law the courts have limited discretionary functions compared to law of equity. (Terence Ingaman 442) Common Law and equity is distinguished on concept of jurisdiction such as "Equitable property interest", "fiduciary obligation", "Unconsciousness" and "Proprietary remedies", which are the distinct concepts developed by the courts of chancery. 1. Equitable Property Interest. Where the interest in the property is vested under the law of equity such as interest in trust property, the interest of the beneficiary over the property in trust is enforceable not only against the trustee but also against the third party who acquires such property. Therefore the beneficiary interest is conceived as proprietary. The beneficiary is at liberty to convert the beneficial interest into the absolute ownership interest at any point of time. Where the interest in the property is vested under the Common law such as through transfer of property, the interest is absolute and the person can exercise such rights over the property for his sole lawful benefits. Where as in equity a trustee with equitable property right exercise his rights over the property for the benefit of the beneficiary and cannot exercised for his benefit. (Peter Cane 187) 2. Unconscionable Conduct: Chancery courts are conscience. As discussed in earlier topic the liability under the common law is strict liability caused due to reasonable misconduct or tortuous act. The Chancery courts under the law of equity are liberal in granting the remedies extending to suspected conduct. Unconscionable act is related to the strict liability to fiduciary and the negligence is to the strict liability in tort. The common law provides remedies to those subjected to harm due to negligence of others where as the law of equity stretches further and provides the relief against the unfair advantage taken by the others. (Peter Cane 191) 3. Fiduciary obligations: Fiduciary obligations are created in trust. The fiduciary in relation to the trust property must act for the benefit of the beneficiary but not for the benefit

Progressive Era Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Progressive Era - Essay Example According to Campell1, progressives were mainly comprised of middle class citizens who desired things to change. They believed that education and information were the key towards a better and fair society. Simon argues that, historically, there have there have been two primary chains of progressive thought concerning the proper relationship between politics and faith: secular and one emerging from religious social beliefs2. Secular progressive thought was associated with enlightened linearism. It is sceptical about particular religious beliefs, and exigent about keeping religion out of politics and politics out of religion. Thomas Jefferson and James Maddison advocated for religious conscience, freedom of conscience and separation of church and state. Liberalism caused a premium on rationality, self-determination, and personal morality above faith, public morality and church authority. Liberalism looked to establish a constitutional order in America that would stop the merging of government and religion that was prevalent in Europe3. During the progressive era, many religious leaders viewed liberalism as a taboo and worked hard to stop its spread. The Catholic Church was the dominant church at the time. They discorded with the liberal conception of faith and politics until the reconciling of Catholic teaching with liberal democracy. Eventually, these progressive beliefs triumphed in the country since many Americans accepted that one can practise their faith while keeping some religious beliefs from taking over the government and jeopardising the religious freedom of others. Another powerful chain of progressive thought came directly from religious beliefs during the social gospel movement. The preachers argued that they should apply everyone their teachings to solving public problems. Several protestant ministers and theologians in the 19th century such as Jennings Bryan and settlement founders such as Jane Addams espoused this belief4. Later,

The island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them Essay Example for Free

The island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them Essay Which do you think is more true, that the boys bring evil to the island or that the island exerts an evil influence on them? PLAN: Fear of the unknown, evil exerted upon them, the fear of the unknown makes them believe in the beast, the evil was always in them and because of the circumstances on the island, it takes form as the beast. Lord of the Flies, a William Golding classic, filled to the brim with a meaningful and descriptive story of boys who become stranded on a desert island. Their survival becomes and endless battle among nature, savagery, and The Beast, a fantasy nightmare that manifests itself to become the boys biggest fear. Upon arrival on the island, their confrontation with their situation was blunt, although they did try to appoint a chief, some disagreed with the overall result; and the freckles on Jacks face disappeared under blush of mortification pg. 30. The truth has suddenly been put this boy into his place, who thought he is the most popular on the island, the fact now shows that he isnt. This is a fear, a fear of interrogation, a threat of overpowering and control, and it is this fear that brings the evil to the island. Jacks need to be in control turns him and his followers into savages, and so brings the downfall of their civilisation. After the landing of the dead parachutist, the fear of the unknown begins. They believe that the dead parachutist is The Beast but become too afraid to go and see if it is really a beast; We saw the beast- plain! pg. 122 Sam and Eric both claimed to have seen The Beast, but hadnt confirmed anything. By finishing each others sentences here they show the fear in their voices. This fear is added to the anonymity of The Beast and interpritated as something to be afraid of, and to some, something that can and must be destroyed. The savagery begins. From this savagery comes the hunting of The Beast. Jack demands that they should fight against The Beast putting the idea of an actual beast into the young boys minds, creating an even bigger fear, a fear of the unknown. The more that they think about this beast the more afraid they become, and the more afraid they become the more they think about the beast. Its a vicious cycle with destroyed the entire civilisation on the island. The boys dont kill The Beast because they fail to realise that The Beast is something that they created within themselves, an evil that has been portrayed from the minds of innocent boys, and twisted by the deception of false truth. The island has made the unknown into a nightmare that the boys cant fight.

Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted :: English Literature

Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine is the story of a girl who is cursed at birth by a fairy named Lucinda. The fairy Lucinda tries to bestow a blessing on Ella but instead curses her with total obedience to every command. This "gift" is very dangerous because Ella must obey every command anyone issues her, even if they were to command her to kill herself. This book tells of Ella's journey to find Lucinda and reverse the spell that has haunted her since birth. Ella meets many people on her quest. The whole book isn't just about her quest though It is about her growing as a person and falling in love. Throughout the book Ella tries to discover who she really is and what she wants to become. Ella learns about her past and starts to discover a new future she can have if she can just overcome her past. On her journey Ella discovers that people are not always as they seem and that you have the power to change anything you want. In Ella Enchanted, Levine develops Ella and the characters around her. The main characters in the story are Ella, Lucinda, her fairy godmother Mandy, Ella's Father, and Prince Charmont. Throughout the book Ella makes some very strange choices. Later these choices are seen as efforts to protect the people she loves from the curse she is under. When Lucinda casts a spell on Ella, a huge mess results. If I were Lucinda I would have thought before I cast a spell. While Lucinda thought she was doing a good deed, had she thought on the matter further she would have realized that total obedience would really be a curse. In Ella enchanted the interactions between the characters plays a huge part in setting the mood and making the story more comprehensible. While I was reading this book, I was wondering why Ella has such a hard time convincing Lucinda that she was wrong! It was so obvious, to me, that the gift of total obedience would really be a curse. Throughout this book, I felt many different emotions. I was sad, hopeful and despairing at times. Other times I was excited, thrilled, and on the edge of my seat. Always wondering what was going to happen next. Ella Enchanted never has a dull moment. Throughout the book, Levine manages to keep the reader's attention while telling a magnificent and magical story. In Ella Enchanted the style is evident throughout the story. Levine uses "old-fashioned" language like "nightdresses" and "delighted to make your acquaintance. Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted :: English Literature Reading Response Log: Dialect Journal for Ella Enchanted Ella Enchanted by Gail Carson Levine is the story of a girl who is cursed at birth by a fairy named Lucinda. The fairy Lucinda tries to bestow a blessing on Ella but instead curses her with total obedience to every command. This "gift" is very dangerous because Ella must obey every command anyone issues her, even if they were to command her to kill herself. This book tells of Ella's journey to find Lucinda and reverse the spell that has haunted her since birth. Ella meets many people on her quest. The whole book isn't just about her quest though It is about her growing as a person and falling in love. Throughout the book Ella tries to discover who she really is and what she wants to become. Ella learns about her past and starts to discover a new future she can have if she can just overcome her past. On her journey Ella discovers that people are not always as they seem and that you have the power to change anything you want. In Ella Enchanted, Levine develops Ella and the characters around her. The main characters in the story are Ella, Lucinda, her fairy godmother Mandy, Ella's Father, and Prince Charmont. Throughout the book Ella makes some very strange choices. Later these choices are seen as efforts to protect the people she loves from the curse she is under. When Lucinda casts a spell on Ella, a huge mess results. If I were Lucinda I would have thought before I cast a spell. While Lucinda thought she was doing a good deed, had she thought on the matter further she would have realized that total obedience would really be a curse. In Ella enchanted the interactions between the characters plays a huge part in setting the mood and making the story more comprehensible. While I was reading this book, I was wondering why Ella has such a hard time convincing Lucinda that she was wrong! It was so obvious, to me, that the gift of total obedience would really be a curse. Throughout this book, I felt many different emotions. I was sad, hopeful and despairing at times. Other times I was excited, thrilled, and on the edge of my seat. Always wondering what was going to happen next. Ella Enchanted never has a dull moment. Throughout the book, Levine manages to keep the reader's attention while telling a magnificent and magical story. In Ella Enchanted the style is evident throughout the story. Levine uses "old-fashioned" language like "nightdresses" and "delighted to make your acquaintance.

How Does Steinbeck Create the Theme of Insecurity in the Novel?

Write about: †¢Why some characters feel insecure †¢How language contributes to a sense of the characters’ insecurity †¢How the settings contribute to a sense of insecurity †¢Other features which create a sense of insecurity You must: Explore how Steinbeck creates a sense of insecurity through the presentation of insecure characters, eg through: Lennie, Crooks and Curley’s wife †¢Look at language/settings, eg the situation of Curley’s wife and how she feels about Curley and her life on the ranch, and her appearance †¢Show how Steinbeck uses language/settings to create insecurity, eg how language is used to show Lennie’s insecurity about George †¢End by evaluating how the different elements work together †¢ In 45 minutes, three characters are enough to consider. Choose settings to look at in some detail, eg the pool in the valley where the novel begins and ends; the harness room (chapter 4) which is where Crooks lives; the Great Barn (chapter 5) where Lennie kills Curley’s wife. Comment on the language Steinbeck uses to describe characters and settings. †¢ The movement from harmony to discord appears in most of the settings in the book. Look at the opening description on page 18. This peaceful world of nature is disturbed by the arrival of George and Lennie. Make your point and use evidence/quotation to support it. Lennie is described as a ‘bear’. This image establishes his essential nature – the combination of brute strength and animal-like innocence. An appropriate image which emphasises his tendency to hold onto things in a ‘bear-hug’. Steinbeck suggests a great deal about Lennie by describing his movements. †¢ Now go on to look at what we learn about Lennie; George is ill at ease with Lennie’s behaviour as he helps him to rehearse how he should behave when they arrive at the ranch the following day. Comment on what causes Lennie’s insecurity. We soon see that Lennie is totally dependent on George, unable to cope in the world on his own. His innocence and ignorance of the world and other people lead him into trouble. As a result, Lennie is the main source of conflict in the novel, though as George tells us, he â€Å"never done it in meanness. † Lennie’s obsession for ‘petting’ shows that he has deep-rooted emotional needs which he himself does not understand, but which nevertheless have to be satisfied. There is a dreadful progression in his victims from dead mouse to dead girl. We are told something of the reasons why George and Lennie are on their way to a new job and what life is like for itinerant workers during the Great Depression in America in the 1930s †¢ George sometimes appears cruel in his treatment of Lennie when he tells him he could have a better life without him,(page 29) but we soon realise that this?is a form of control and that in fact, George actually enjoys their companionship and his responsibility, because the alternative life of the lonely migrant worker has little to recommend it. However,Lennie’ sinterpretationofGeorge’ swordsisalways literalandhe fears that George will abandon him if he does a ‘bad thing’. It is this that makes him feel insecure. †¢To reassure himself that they have a future together, to feel secure, Lennie frequently asks George to ‘tell about the rabbits’. Comment on the significance of the ‘dream farm’ (p. 31) â€Å"Guys like us, that work on ranches , are the loneliest guys in the world†¦. † †¢Lennie enjoys George’s story just as a child enjoys a familiar fairy story. But it represents far more to both men. The ‘heaven’ as Crooks later calls it, becomes not only their dream, but also that of Candy, Crooks and Curley’s wife. †¢ In chapter 4, Steinbeck brings together the most vulnerable and insecure characters in the novel. Show how and why this is dramatically effective; the chapter ends as it begins; it prepares us for the novel’s final tragedy; achieving the ‘dream’ is impossible – â€Å"Nobody never gets to heaven. † the potential for happiness is dashed each time. †¢ Look in detail at Crooks and the setting of the harness room, where he lives. Note that Steinbeck’s portrayal of Crooks is sympathetic. He emphasises his experience of silent suffering, because of his crooked back but also because of the racism he is subjected to because he is black. It is his enforced segregation from the other workers, which causes his insecurity. Look at how Steinbeck’s description of the setting gives us an insight into Crooks’s character (p. 98,99) as well as his use of language, â€Å"he had thin, pain-tightened lips†. He is a victim of oppressive violence and prejudice and has learned to cope with it by withdrawing into himself. He is ‘proud and aloof’as a defence against the cruel treatment he receives from the other men because he is black. In this chapter, Lennie acts as a catalyst. It is through him that Crooks and Curley’s wife reveal their insecurities. In spite of Crooks’ experience which has taught him that â€Å"nobody never gets to heaven†, he too gets caught up in Lennie’s dream of owning land and having a future, but Cur ley’s wife’s cruelty in reminding him of her racial superiority, â€Å"Well, you keep your place then, Nigger. † (p. 113) when he asks her to leave, leaves him feeling humiliated. He realises that in this world of white supremacy, there will never be any security for him. He will never escape from his life of suffering, â€Å"What she says is true. † †¢ Curley’s wife is never named in the novel. She is perceived as Curley’s possession, referred to as Curley’s wife. Her husband married her because she is ‘purty’ and naively she married him because she must have believed that the security of marriage would bring her happiness. Instead, she finds herself in a world of men who do not treat her as an individual, but see her as a sex- object, or a piece of ‘jail bait’. Desperate for companionship, she approaches the men in a provocative way. Find examples of Steinbeck’s description of her. Experience has taught her that men are only interested in her looks. A victim of sexual prejudice, she herself enjoys being cruel to the men in section 4. Angry at being left alone while her husband has gone to spend the evening with prostitutes, she tells them, â€Å"An’ what am I doin’? Standin’ here talking to a bunch of bindle stiffs-a nigger an’ a dum-dum †¦. † Like Crooks, who takes the opportunity to vent his pent up anger on someone weaker than himself when he tries to frighten Lennie into believing that George has deserted him, she gets pleasure in watching others suffer. †¢ Now look at chapter 5. The setting is the Great Barn, where Lennie has just accidentally killed his puppy. Curley’s wife confides in Lennie just as Crooks did. This results in her death and the start of the man-hunt for Lennie. Steinbeck evocatively creates a warm and lazy atmosphere through visual detail supported by onomatopeia, â€Å"The hay came down like a mountain slope to the other end of the barn†¦ † // â€Å"There was the buzz of flies in the air, the lazy afternoon humming. † This is disrupted by the violence of the killing of Curley’s wife. †¢ Look at p. 124. Curley’s wife speaks to Lennie ‘in a passion of communication’. She relishes the opportunity to talk to someone. In a form of soliloquy, she talks about the life she dreamed of and confesses, â€Å"I don’t like Curley. † On page 129, Steinbeck’s writing technique resembles script writing for film, â€Å"And the meanness and the plannings and the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face. † Death has restored her to a natural state of innocence and the visual detail of the description in its softness contrasts with earlier harsh descriptions of her, where Steinbeck suggests that her body language is intended to attract the men’s attention, â€Å"†¦. eaned against the door frame so that her body was thrown forward. † In death she is relieved of the loneliness and insecurity, which led her to dream and to search for attention. †¢ With her death, Lennie’s insecurity returns, â€Å"I done a real bad thing,†¦ George’ll be mad†¦ † †¢By ending the novel where it began, Steinbeck brings the action of the book full circle which gives a feeling of completeness to the story. Once again, the last chapter opens with a description of the setting. Lennie has returned to the brush, where George has instructed him to go. Steinbeck focuses on the beauty of the natural world, but this time hints at the violence in nature as a heron swoops down on a water snake â€Å"and plucked it out by the head,† †¢The insecurity felt by these characters is a result of overt discrimination against race, gender and mental disability. Lack of understanding causes their suffering. Both Lennie and Curley’s wife die and Steinbeck suggests this is the only way to end their suffering. Crooks is doomed to a life of suffering and insecurity. Through these characters, Steinbeck paints a bleak picture of the lives of migrant workers at this time.

Food Security in the Modern World: changing market policies to address hunger

The right to food is protected under international human rights and humanitarian law. It is recognized in the Universal Declaration on Human Rights and the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). As defined by the Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (Committee on ESCR) in its General Comment 12 â€Å"†¦ the right to adequate food is realized when every man, woman and child, alone and in community with others, has physical and economic access at all times to adequate food or means for its procurement† (General Comment 12, 1999, paragraph 6).Israel produces 95% of its own food requirements, and has many advanced means of agriculture, which results in low poverty rates in the state. Diverse agricultural techniques are used for food production, and in irrigation alone there are four different methods. Farmers use technology to help them with livestock creating top quality produce, and small communities called Kibbutz help the Gro ss Domestic Product (GDP) and raised amount in exports.There are multiple research facilities that help with agriculture techniques, such as the Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), whose job is to help the development of the Israeli agriculture by an efficient use of the limited water resources, development of crops for export markets, ensuring a decent income for the farming community, developing and adapting crops and technologies for newly settled regions without polluting the environment. Israel has also been sharing its agricultural expertise with many of countries since the late 1950s.MASHAV, the Center for International Cooperation of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, is active in Asia, Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, Eastern Europe and Latin America as well as several Middle Eastern countries. Agricultural projects and research collaboration constitute about half of Israel's international cooperation programs. Emphasis is placed on training courses in agricultural subj ects, with some 1,400 participants from over 80 countries attending specialized courses in Israel every year, and thousands of trainees receiving on-the-spot training in their own countries. Read also Analyze the Ways in Which British Imperial PoliciesSince 1958, thousands of Israeli agricultural experts have been sent abroad on long- and short-term assignments in countries such as Kenya, South Africa, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Ukrain and Haiti. Hunger world-wide has had a high of 925 million in 2010 and had dropped by 10%. But with the recent rising food prices, the number of malnourished is growing once again pushing 68 million people under the World Bank’s extreme poverty line. This is defined as someone living on $1. 25 (U. S. ) a day.The World Bank’s quarterly report showed that the food price index has increased by 29% in the past year and is close to the peak reached in 2008, when soaring food prices sparked protests in dozens of countries. We are seeing this happen once again is countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and others. The result in the raised food prices is 44 million people living in dire poverty. This is about a 3% increase in the tot al number of people living in extreme poverty, which the World Bank calculates at about 1. billion. Israel can help countries who are having trouble with the food inflation. A strategy such as developing local markets and local communities so that people can grow their own food is one which Israel can help with. Some countries may even want to use the Israeli Kibbutz as a model if they so wish. With Israel’s abundant technology, we can offer help in that department, and can help with many different topographical locations as Israel has many itself.

Laser Shot Technology Essays

Laser Shot Technology Essays Laser Shot Technology Essay Laser Shot Technology Essay Laser Shot technology is the global leader in firearm and force option training solutions. Innovative products incorporate the latest technologies in developing accurate, dependable, and effective use of firearms by military, law enforcement, and other public safety professionals by using simulated programs (Laser Shot technology Firearms Training Solutions, 2011:i 1). Sustainability is achieving economic, environmental and social goals without compromising the same opportunity for future generations (Timmons Spinelli, 2009: 113). Viability can be defined as testing to see if the business idea can generate enough money to pay all of the expenses of the business, to cause growth or maintain stability, and to increase wealth (MacLeod Terblanche, 2004: 27) and that has satisfactory performance and opportunity for improvement (Lamb, Hair, McDaniel, Boshoff Terblanche, 2006: 121). Market can be defined as those customers who are willing and able to buy products to satisfy particular needs or wants (Stokes Wilson, 2006:120) Marketing mix refers to a unique blend of product, place (distribution), promotion and pricing strategies designed to produce mutually satisfying exchanges with a target market (McDaniel, Lamb Hair, 2008: 48)These questions address the viability and sustainability of the business idea. Before starting a business, the idea needs to be tested for viability. If the idea is viable, sustainability must be tested for the business to be a success. Even if an idea is viable, it does not mean that it is sustainable in the long-term. The aim of a business is to grow, and it can only grow if the sustainability factors economic, environmental and social can be positively achieved (MacLeod, et al. , 2004: 20 27). Laser Shot technology is an innovative, computer simulated product that assists in training various government and non-government agencies in firearm handling as well as combat training (Laser Shot technology Firearms Training Solutions, 2011:i 1). The product uses a unique approach simulating real-life situations applicable to police, military, hunting and sporting activities or situations (Laser Shot technology Firearms Training Solutions, 2011:i 1). The company provides different products for the various disciplines. Laser Shot technology was first used in 1999 at the Simulated Action Firearm Education Training for Youth or S. A. F. E. T. Y event in Grand Forks, North Dakota, United States of America for simulated hunting activities (Grand Forks Herald, 2011:i 1). Since then it has grown in popularity and is currently being used extensively internationally for training police force and military personnel (Laser Shot technology Firearms Training Solutions, 2011:i 2). Laser Shot technology is a relatively new technology to South Africa and was first introduced in the Gauteng region in 2003 by Mike Mansell and Pierre van der Walt. In 2004, they started trading as Laser Shot technology SA cc (Laser Shot technology SA cc, 2011:i 1, 2). A product is not only a physical unit, but also includes other facets such as packaging, after-sale service, value, brand name, company image and warranty. Products are bought because they fulfill a need, have certain benefits or enhance the consumers image (McDaniel et al, 2008: 48). Laser Shot technology is an innovative product that simulates real-life situations to train various organisations in firearm handling and firing. Research has proven that virtual simulations are unbeaten in cost-effectiveness as well as proven that virtual training betters overall gun-handling (Leer reg en raak skiet in jou voorkamer, June 2011: 23). There are two types of training systems, iMarksman and Laser Shot technology. iMarksman is a beginners training system for people not yet accustomed to handling firearms, while Laser Shot technology is a more advanced system. The system allows for a marksman to shoot at a moving or stationary target using a laser-weapon. The hit point is then displayed on the screen and the effectiveness of the shot calculated (Laser Shot technology SA, 2011). Different courses are available for each of the systems. Real-life hunting and danger situations can be simulated either by pre-ordered videos or by a compilation of the users own videos. This training system can be complemented by live-fire training. Hardware needed for this program include a projector, laptop or desktop computer and a screen or light-painted wall.

The Cold Case of the Keddie Cabin Murders

The Cold Case of the Keddie Cabin Murders On April 11, 1981, 36-year-old Glenna Sue Sharp, her 15-year-old son John, and his 17-year-old friend Dana Wingate were murdered in Cabin 28 at the Keddie Resort, in Keddie, California. It was discovered later that 12-year-old Tina Sharp was missing. Her remains surfaced years later. Before the Murders Sue Sharp and her five children- John, 15, Sheila, 14, Tina, 12, Ricky, 10, and Greg, 5- moved from Quincy to Keddie and rented Cabin 28 five months before the murders. On the evening of April 11, 1981, Sue had given the okay for Ricky and Greg to have their friend, 12-year-old Justin Eason, over to spend the night. Justin was also relatively new to Keddie. He had been living in Montana with his father, but moved in with his mother and stepfather, Marilyn and Martin Smartt, in November 1980. The Smartts lived in Cabin 26, which was just a short distance from the Sharps cabin. Letting Justin spend the night would not be a problem, but if it became one, Sue knew she could always send him home. Plus the house was fairly empty. Sheila had plans to go to a sleepover at a friends house. John and his friend, 17-year-old Dana Wingate, were going to Quincy that night, then coming back to hang out in Johns bedroom in the basement. Tina was over in Cabin 27 watching television, but came home around 10 p.m. The Discovery The following morning Sheila Sharp returned home at around 7:45 a.m. As she opened the door, she immediately noticed an offensive odor that seemed to engulf the room. When she stepped into the living room, it took her mind a moment to comprehend what her eyes were seeing. Her brother John appeared to be bound and lying on his back on the living room floor. There was blood caked around his neck and face. Next to John was a boy, bound and lying face down. It appeared that the boy and John were tied together at their feet. Her eyes then landed on a yellow blanket that was covering what looked like a body. Gripped by fear, Sheila ran to the neighbors while screaming for help. The investigation into the murders was initially handled by the Plumas County Sheriffs Office. From the start, the investigation was riddled with errors and oversights. To begin with, the crime scene was never properly secured. Even more astounding was the amount of time that it took for the police to realize that Tina Sharp was missing. When the first police officers arrived at the scene, Justin Eason tried to tell them that Tina was missing, but they ignored what the boy was saying. It wasnt until hours later that everyone realized that the 12-year-old daughter of the murdered woman was gone. The Murders Inside Cabin 28, investigators found two kitchen knives, one that had been used with such force that the blade was severely bent. Also found was a hammer, a pellet gun, and a pellet on the living room floor, which led investigators to believe that the pellet gun was also used in the attacks. Each victim had been bound with several feet of medical tape and electrical appliance wires removed from appliances in the home and extension cords. There was no medical tape at home before the murders, indicating that one of the attackers brought it in to help bind the victims. An examination of the victims was conducted. Sue Sharps lifeless body was found under the yellow blanket. She was wearing a robe, and her underwear had been removed and forced into her mouth. Also in her mouth was a ball of tape.   The underwear and tape were held in place with an extension cord that was also tied around her legs and ankles. Both Sue and John Sharp had been beaten with a claw hammer and stabbed multiple times in their bodies and throat. Dana Wingate was also beaten, but with a different hammer. He had been strangled to death. There was considerable blood on the living room floor, and drops of blood on Tinas bed. The investigation pointed to rape as the motivation behind kidnapping Tina, instead of murdering her in the home with the others. More evidence found included a bloody footprint that was discovered in the yard and knife marks in some of the walls of the home. The Investigation While the brutal attacks inside Cabin 28 were going on, Sues sons Ricky and Greg and their friend Justin Eason were sleeping undisturbed in the boys bedroom. The boys were found unharmed in the room the following morning after the murders.   A woman and her boyfriend, who were in the cabin next door to the Sharps cabin, were woken up at around 1:30 a.m. by what they described as  muffled  screams. The sound was so disturbing that the couple got up and looked around. When they were unable to determine where the screams were coming from, they went back to bed. It seems impossible that screams woke the neighbors, but did not disturb the boys that were in the same house where the screams originated. Also perplexing is why the killers chose not to harm the boys when any one of them could have been pretending to be asleep and later identified the perpetrators. A Possible Break in the Case The Plumas County Sheriffs Office questioned anyone who could have heard or witnessed something that could help solve the case. Among those that they interviewed were the Sharps neighbor, Justin Easons stepfather, Martin Smartt. What he told investigators made him a prime suspect in the crime. According to Smartt, on the night of the murders, a friend of his by the name of Severin John â€Å"Bo† Boubede was staying with the Smartts on a temporary basis. He said he and Boubede first met a few weeks earlier at the Veterans Administration Hospital, where they were both receiving treatment for posttraumatic stress disorder. Smartt claimed to suffer from PTSD as a result of his time spent fighting in Vietnam. He went on to say that earlier in the evening of April 11, he, his wife, Marilyn and Boubede, decided to go to the Backdoor Bar for a few drinks.   Smartt worked as a chef at the Backdoor Bar, but it was his night off. On the way to the bar, the group stopped in on Sue Sharp and asked her if she wanted to join them for drinks. Sue told them no, so they left for the bar. At the bar, Smartt complained angrily to the manager about the music that was playing. They left shortly afterward and went back to the Smartts cabin. Marilyn watched television, then went to bed. Smartt, still angry about the music, called the manager and complained again. He and Boubede then went back to bar for more drinks. Thinking that they now had a prime suspect, the Plumas County sheriff contacted the Department of Justice in Sacramento. Two DOJ investigators, Harry Bradley and P.A. Crim, conducted additional interviews on Martin and Marilyn Smartt and Boubede. During the interview with Marilyn, she told the investigators that she and Martin separated the day after the murders. She said that he was short-tempered, violent, and abusive. After the interviews with the Smartts and Boubede were completed and Martin was polygraphed, the DOJ investigators decided that none of them were involved with the murders. Marilyn Smartt was interviewed again at a later date. She told investigators that Martin Smartt hated John Sharp. She also admitted that early in the morning of April 12, she saw Martin burning something in the fireplace. Back to Justin Eason As time went on, Justin Eason began to change his story. He had told the investigators that he was asleep during the murders, as were the other two boys, and that he did not hear anything.   In a later interview, he described in detail a dream that he had where he was on a boat and saw John Sharp and Dana fighting with a man with long black hair, a mustache, and black glasses, who was carrying a hammer. The man threw John overboard, and then Dana, who he said was very drunk.   He went on to describe seeing a body that was covered in a sheet lying on the bow. He looked under the sheet and saw Sue, who had a knife cut in her chest. He tried to help her by patching the wound with a rag, which he ended up throwing into the water. In reality, Sue Sharp did have a knife wound in her chest. Another time, while being polygraphed, Eason told the polygrapher that he thought that he saw the murders. He said that a noise woke him up and that got up and looked through the door into the living room. He said he saw Sue Sharp laying on the sofa and that there were two men standing in the middle of the room. He described the men, one with black and dark glasses, the other with brown hair and wearing army boots. John Sharp and Dana came into the room and began arguing with the two men. A fight broke out, and Dana tried to escape out through the kitchen, but the man with the brown hair hit him with a hammer. John was being attacked by the man with the black hair, and Sue tried to help John. Justin said that this point, he hid behind the door. He then saw the men tying up John and Dana. He also claimed that he saw Tina come into the living room holding a blanket and asking what was going on. The two men grabbed her and took her out the back door as Tina tried to call for help. He said the man with the black hair used a pocket knife to cut Sue in the middle of her chest. Justin worked with a sketch artist and came up with composites of the two men. A Former Neighbor On June 4, 1981, investigators Bradley and Crim interviewed a man who lived in Cabin 28, but moved two weeks before the murders. He said he did not know the Sharps, but that three weeks before the murders he heard Sue Sharp and an unknown man yelling at each other. They continued to fight for another 30 minutes, screaming obscenities back and forth at each other. DOJ Investigators Get a Slap From the Locals When details of the interviews that Bradley and Crim had conducted with Martin Smartt and Boubede came to light, the Plumas County authorities were livid. Bradley and Crim were accused of sloppy work and failing to fact check or to pursue clarification for obvious discrepancies made by Smartt and Boubede. During the initial interview with Crim, BouBede said that he had worked as a Chicago police officer for 18 years, but retired after being shot while in the line of duty. This was an obvious lie which could have quickly been spotted had Crim paid attention to Boubedes date of birth.  Boubede lied about how long he had lived in Kiddie by adding two weeks to the time.  He said Marilyn was his niece, which was a lie. He claimed Marilyn was awake when he and Smartt came home after their second trip to the bar. Had anyone been paying attention, they would have caught that it contradicted what Marilyn said, which was that she was asleep when the two men came home. BouBede said he never met Sue Sharp, which contradicted what Marilyn said about the three of them stopping at the Sharp house and inviting her for a drink. Bradley and Crim showed a similar lack of energy when interviewing Martin Smartt. In one interview, Smartt said that his stepson Justin Eason might have seen something on the night of the murders, adding, without me detecting him at the end of the sentence. The investigators either missed the implications in Smartts slip up, or they werent listening. Smartt talked to the investigators about the hammers that used in the murder, adding that he had recently lost is own hammer. There were no follow-up interviews with Smartt or BouBede, since the investigators believed that the pair had no involvement in the murders. No longer a prime suspect, Martin Smartt moved to Klamath, California. Boubede returned to Chicago where he scammed several police officers out of money, was caught and almost did prison time, but died before being incarcerated. Tinas Remains In 1984, the cranium part of a skull was found about 30 miles from Keddie. Several months later an anonymous caller told the Butte County Sheriffs office that the skull belonged to Tina Sharp. Another search of the area was made, and a jawbone and several other bones were found. Testing confirmed that the bones belonged to Tina Sharp. The Butte County Sheriffs office gave the original and the backup copy of the recording from the anonymous caller to someone in law enforcement. Since then, both the original and the backup copies have disappeared. A Dead Mans Confession and New Evidence Martin Smartt died in 2000, and not long after his death, his therapist told the Plumas County Sheriffs Office that Smartt had confessed to him that he killed Sue Sharp because she was trying to convince Marilyn to leave him. Smartt never mentioned who killed John, Dana, or Tina. He also told the therapist that it was easy to beat the polygraph, that he and Plumas County Sheriff Doug Thomas were friends, and one time he let Thomas move in with him. On March 24, 2016, a hammer was found that that matches the description of the hammer that Marty Smartt claimed was missing two days after the murders. According to Plumas County Sheriff Hagwood, the location it was found... It would have been intentionally put there. It would not have been accidentally misplaced.

Summarize an article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Summarize an - Article Example In support of this prediction, when participants in a lab experiment were frequently interrupted by instant messages, they reported greater stress and frustration while working on another task (Mark, Gudith, &Klocke, 2008). Reducing stress by checking email less often may have broader implications for well-being. People who experience more day to day stress report lower productivity and less meaning in life. This pattern of indirect effects points to the conclusion that checking email less frequently might have broader downstream consequences for well-being by reducing stress. Furthermore, lower stress is associated with other positive outcomes including higher mindfulness, self-perceived productivity, and sleep quality. Recent research suggests that some people feel stressed by email in part because others expect them to reply quickly (e.g., Gillespie, Walsh, Winefields, Dua, & Stough, 2001).I believe checking emails less often reduces stress directly and indirectly in our lives thu s affecting our well-being. E.g. in work place like of supply job, one has to constantly keep on checking mails to see who is ordering goods and this is very stressful in fact when you have a lot of clients. Therefore frequency of checking emails affects individual’s well-being. Because one will not be able to note the work overload, they will not have to reply to the emails immediately thus reduced psychological stress results to positive well-being for an

International Market Research Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Market Research - Essay Example Along with that, the interactive setting can help the moderator focus on the non verbal aspects of the participants, i.e., the expression, attitude of the individual etc, which can help in giving clearer insight of the participants’ beliefs. Also, the possibility of screening each participant lets the researcher know who is involved in the discussion process, e.g., a competitor maybe. In our case, if the majority of our participants are the buyers, it can help us gain a better understanding as to what their demands and hence, queries entail(Patton, 1990). The observation method of conducting research is developed to observe individuals in their natural setting. There can be participant and non- participant observations. This method helps in overcoming issues of validity. It also helps in covering those areas which are not easily accessible through means of speech communication, for example, when an individual isn’t cooperating in disclosing certain information. Observat ions can also help researchers in studying trends of a particular market in great detail and how the attitudes of the buyers are affecting those trends.

Which former ally, the U.S. or the U.S.S.R., was most at fault for the Essay

Which former ally, the U.S. or the U.S.S.R., was most at fault for the Cold War - Essay Example The most affected areas were the European countries although later the war extended to Asia, Middle East and Third World countries as the two nations struggled for dominance. The war was characterized by arms race and space race with an imminent danger of a nuclear war erupting. However, the question that needs answering is; who was responsible for the war? Traditionalists blame the U.S.S.R; the revisionists blame the U.S while the post-revisionists believe both were to blame. This paper will argue that the U.S.S.R was solely to blame for the start of the cold war due to its expansionist motives and the need to spread communism to the whole world. Although the US and U.S.S.R were both isolationists (remained neutral) in the two world wars, it was clear that the two were mutual antagonists. The US was a strong advocate of the capitalist system and hoped that all nations would embrace democracy while the U.S.S.R was a strong critic of the capitalist system and an advocate of communism. The Soviet wanted to convert the world into communism and abolish capitalism which was viewed as exploitative. Furthermore, the attempt by the US to aid anti-communist Russian forces in the 1918-1919 revolution was not forgotten. However, when German invaded Soviet Union in 1941 an alliance was formed between both powers whereby the Soviet Union was to help US against the Japanese after conclusion of the Nazi-Soviet war. According to Mooney, â€Å"Despite these mutual antagonisms, President Roosevelt extended Lend-Lease aid to the Soviets in November 1941 and initiated the wartime partnership between the U.S.S.R. and the U.S that endured until the war’s successful conclusion† (165). Stalin was not genuine in his dealings according to William Bullitt an advisor to the president. The first signs came when Soviet insisted on instituting a provisional government in Poland referred as the Lublin Committee and refused the Poland government in-exile which was operating in Lo ndon. The Soviets were also advantaged by the Moscow agreement whereby Churchill and Stalin agreed to formula for division of post-war South Eastern Europe spheres (75% for Britain and 25% for U.S.S.R). This enabled U.S.S.R to dominate most of Eastern Europe and advance its cause. Another meeting for Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin was held in Yalta in 1945 whereby they agreed to form an international peace organization and re-arrange post-war map of Europe. As such, the United Nations (UN) and the UN Security Council were formed. However, the Soviet Union was against this Security Council as it refused to acknowledge the communist government of China. According to the Yalta agreement, each power was to control its ‘zone of occupation’ after the war in Germany but Berlin City was to be divided among the four nations. The Americans condemned the agreement and blamed Roosevelt and Churchill for giving up Eastern Europe to the Soviets. However, Robert Dalleck of Boston Uni versity states that, â€Å"this idea that Roosevelt and Churchill gave away Eastern Europe to the soviets is nonsense.†(60 years later debating Yalta). The Big three also made a Declaration on Liberated Europe which mandated the superpowers with the role of supporting the shattered nations to rebuild themselves and also create democratic institutions of their own choice. This meant the nations were free to hold elections and decide on the form of government they wished to institute and which is responsive to people’s will. The superpowers could not interfere with democratic processes of those nations. However, the Soviet Union defied this rule and went ahead to establish a communist government in Romania. The Soviet Union was

Nursing Retention in South Africa

Nursing Retention in South Africa 2nd Paper Quantitative Research Title Mokoka,K.E., Ehlers, V.J. Oosthuizen, M.J. (2011). Factors influencing the retention of registered nurses in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. Curationis, 34(1), 9. Retrieved from http://dx.doi. org/10.4102/curationis. v34i1.16 Introduction South African Nursing Council has predicted a critical nursing staff shortage within the country in the near future. This phenomena occurred as the number of nurse graduates has reduced by 42% over a period of 10 years. The authors carried out this exploratory descriptive quantitative study with the intention to investigate work related factors that influence nurses decision to stay with current employer. Questionnaires were posted to 536 registered nurses selected using random sampling method. Authors employed postal questionnaires as data collection instrument to targeted respondents with covering letters and stamped addressed return envelope. However, only 108 questionnaires returned where 73.1% of responded nurses expressed thoughts of leaving their job. Data analysis of this study employed quantitative descriptive procedures using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) tool. As a result, financial factors was the most important factor influencing nurses retention. Re commendations based on the results of this study made to the employers for implementation to reduce turnover and enhance retention. Data collection method will be discussed in this study. Data collection method Structured self report survey-based method was used by the authors in the data collection. Researchers have the options of face to face interview, phone interview, postal questionnaires and online (electronic) questionnaires. Since this cross sectional quantitative survey consisted of large number of sample to achieve generalization of the study, postal questionnaires as data collection instrument is favored (Stenhammar et al., 2011). In addition to that, Ashby et al. (2010) reported that postal questionnaires tool is frequently used for health services research. In fact, postal questionnaires approach used by researchers can be distributed throughout a wider geographic area thus increases the number of return samples. McDonald and Adam (2003) claimed that postal data collection received twice response rate than online method. Similarly, Shih and Fan (2007) reported that postal mail survey gives better response rate as compare to electronic mail after a review into 35 studies. Subsequently, high questionnaires response rate will ensure studys validity and avoid bias (Stenhammar et al., 2011). However, postal survey with incomplete questionnaires is excluded hence the occurrence of item-missing data reduce s data quality. Meanwhile, force function set up to ensure completion of questionnaire for online data is not possible for postal data. Indeed, Basi (1999) found that completion of data by online respondent is more than that of postal respondent. On the contrary, Stanton (1998) compared postal and online questionnaires and suggested that there were no differences in the item variability and amount of incomplete data. Even so, there were variety of findings in the studies that compare the postal and online methods (e.g. Buchanan,2003; Epstein et al., 2001; Lewis et al., 2009). As many researchers begin to recognize the impending trend where network interactions progressively gain popularity among the population, it is highly possible that electronic devices will play an active role in time. According to McDonald and Adam (2003), online technologies might include interactive television, handphones and 3D simulations touch screen devices. However in 1999, Dommeyer and Moriarty concluded that online data collection methods do not result in higher response levels and Cobanoglu et al. (2001) stated that postal survey was a common research method in year 2000. When exploring the social background of the participants, mail response samples showed conventional and introvert profiles. Whereas, the online response samples showed profile of technology savvy group (Schillewaert Meulemeester, 2005). Clearly, penetration of technologies and adaptation of users are other important factors to consider by researchers while referring to the social-demographics pattern of t he population. There were total of 89 questions in this study that may reduce the response rate significantly. Given the circumstances that nurses in the sample group have been busy at workplace and back home (handling household chore), they are less likely to participate in the study actively. In this case, question designs by researchers must be focused and short to extract required information and encourage participation. As pointed out in a pilot study carried out by Jepson et al. (2004) the threshold for questionnaire length on a favorable response rate was approximately 1000 words. In addition, Edwards et al. (2003) supported this hypothesis after the review of 251 relevant reports concluding that using shorter questionnaire increases response rate. In another word, questionnaire design is important to speed up returns. All things considered, novice researchers consider the use of questionnaires are advised to refer experts and literature on the similar study ( Drummond et al., 2007; Dunn et al., 2002; Marshall, 2004 ). Then again, traditional research method such as postal survey costs more as compared to online survey. Postal cost includes those of printing, preparing mail cover and two way postage (MacDonald Adam, 2003; Mehta Sivadas, 1995; Weibie Wallace, 1998). Moreover, to improve postal questionnaire response rates few measures were introduced for examples including pencils and erasers in the postage package, sending reminder in the form of text messages or electronic mail. For the study on cost effectiveness of including pencils and erasers, Aveyard et al. (2001) found that there was no benefit shown to set off the cost. Nevertheless, text messages as suggested can be conveniently implemented as a strategy to increase response rate by researchers because participants take shorter time to access text messages on phone than electronic mail ( Keding et al., 2016; Man et al., 2010). Conclusion Selection of data collection instrument is essential to enhance survey quality while taking into consideration the aspect of accuracy, cost and timeliness. Unfortunately, studies looking at comparative result among different data collection methods over the years has produced conflicting outcome (Weigold et al., 2013). In time, health care providers being the technologically sophisticated population may be able to provide higher response rate in web-based survey with the improvement of internet accessibility and successful technology adoption (Weible Wallace, 1998). On the whole, ongoing study is required to monitor the evolution of health care research so that the researchers can decide on the suitable method for their studies.

To Build A Fire Essay -- essays research papers

'To Build a Fire';   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In Jack London's, 'To Build a Fire';, it is obvious to see that as the story progresses, the man becomes more bestial. However at the same time the dog seems to gain the human quality of good sense. This quality of good sense, which the dog acquires, allows it to away from the same fate of the man. There are many examples of how this is portrayed as the story makes headway.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The first example of how the man becomes more bestial occurs after his first fire fails. After his fire fails, his hands are too cold to allow him to pick up matches. He was trying everything in order to warm up his hands, but nothing was working. Then he came up with a crazy and savage idea to warm them up. The story reads, 'He would kill the dog, and bury his hands in the warm body until the numbness went out of them. Then he could build another fire...'; That idea is a perfect example of his turn to bestiality. When the man tries to carry out this insane idea, the dog demonstrates his lean towards human characteristics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another example how the man is beginning to move and act like an animal. It reads, 'After some manipulation he managed to get the bunch between the heels of his mittened hands. In this fashion he carried it to his mouth...'; At this point, the man's hands are so cold that he can no longer grasp objects, such as matches. In order to get the matches he has to use the heels of his ...

Enlightened Philosophers (John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau)

John Locke, Baron de Montesquieu, Voltaire, and Jean Jacques Rousseau were all enlightenment philosophers. Each of these men had a particular view of government, society, and its citizens and they were all passionate about their works. Locke (1632- 1704) was an English philosopher, his ideas had a great impact on the development of political philosophy and he is widely regarded as one of the most influential enlightenment thinkers. Montesquieu (1689- 1755) believed that all things were made up of laws that never changed. His most famous work, The Spirit of Laws, outlined his ideas on how government would work best.Voltaire (1694- 1778) was a poet, an essayist, playwright, historian, and above all, a critic of society. He was a great crusader for liberty and was twice imprisoned for his writings. Rousseau (1712-1778) generally recycled older enlightenment ideas but is well known for his passionate rhetoric, which enflamed a generation and beyond. John Locke’s view of government was that it was good to have one. The people may put their trust in the government so that in turn, the government may trust the people and protect their rights. The reason why men choose and give power to lawmakers is that there may be made, and rules set, as guards and fences†¦ The people are right in trying to put the laws in the hands of the government which will protect their rights. (Excerpt from Locke's Two Treatises with Government) †. Within the government, there were societies. Lock felt that the people needed/ wanted a government to protect their rights. They don’t, however, want to be victims of power abuse by the government. â€Å"The reason why men enter into society is to preserve their property. Two Treatises with Government) †. Every society is made up of citizens; he believed that People (lawmakers) will inevitably abuse their power at some point. When this happens, people should have the right to break free from the government. â€Å"Whe n lawmakers abuse absolute power and try to take away and destroy the property of the people†¦ The people are then freed from any further obedience to lawmakers†¦ (Two Treatises with Government) †. If Locke were alive during the Renaissance period, his views may have shifted.Lock may have been less bold about his reasons â€Å"why men enter into a society†. The renaissance was a time of peace and prosperity. Humanism, self awareness, art, and science were a big deal and his view of people and their â€Å"state in nature† may have changed because people were thinking differently during those times. During the Protestant Reformation, times were also different and his opinion may have altered again. Locke may have not cared about the people as much because he was too busy criticizing the government/ churches.The Protestant Reformation was a time where people were very critical of the churches because they abused their power which is one of Locke's philosop hies; people want to be protected by the government, not abused. During the Scientific Revolution, however, people were big on science and the people; not so much the churches/ government so Locke's view may have changed again. He probably would feel the same way about the government but less harsh about the people. As times change, so do peoples’ opinions. Baron de Montesquieu believed in a government slightly different than Locke's.Montesquieu still believed in a central government but he thought that laws should be specific to different parts of the world where as different law may have to be enforced in different places. In his most famous work, The Spirit of Laws, Montesquieu says â€Å"Laws†¦should be adapted for the people for whom they are framed†¦they should be relative to the climate of each country, to the quality of its soil†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Montesquieu’s view of society, however, differed very much from Locke's. Montesquieu felt that people become intoxicated on power when they have enough of it and they couldn’t handle having more than the person next to them. Political liberty can only be found in moderate governments when there is no abuse of power. (The Spirit of Laws) † Montesquieu feels the same way about individual citizens as he does about the general society. People always abuse their powers. No matter how small the amount they have, they will push their credibility to the edge. â€Å"Constant experience shows us that every man invested with power is apt to abuse it and carry it as far as it will go. (The Spirit of Laws) †. As the renaissance came around, Montesquieu would definitely not have had such a bad opinion of man.As previously mentioned, the renaissance was a time for prosperity and there was a focus on humanism. Montesquieu believed that men will abuse any power that they are given but during the renaissance, people were much different. As for the Protestant Reformation, Montesquieu woul d probably feel the same way as his original philosophy. Nobody liked each other during the Protestant Reformation but the liked the government/ churches even less. There’s no doubt that people would abuse their power and the government should be split in 3 sections.However, during the Scientific Revolution, Montesquieu would feel the same about the people and probably would view the government the same way. During the Scientific Revolution, people were recovering from the Protestant Reformation but it was the abuse of power that put them there in the first place and they needed a stable government. Jean Jacques Rousseau was similar to Locke in his belief of a government. Rousseau believes that government is necessary for stability but only to an extent. If the king/ government should go against the people, they have a right to demand their freedom. No one – not even a king – has the right to go against the community as a whole. If a ruler was tyrannical and wen t against the will of the people the social contract is broken and the people had a right to demand their freedom (The Social Contract)†. Rousseau’s view of society was also good in that he did not criticize anything; he merely made the observation that in a society, people all have to abide by all the same rules because this keeps them at bay. â€Å"The essence of the social contract can be stated simply: each individual surrenders all his rights to the community (The Social Contract). Rousseau’s view of citizens basically adds onto his view of how they react in society. He believes that people want to live amongst each other in peace; they want to be protected and live by certain guidelines to ensure prosperity. During the Protestant Reformation, Rousseau’s ideas would have changed drastically. People were definitely not living in peace and the government/churches were what got them into a mess in the first place. During the Protestant Reformation peopl e were basically at war with the church and anyone who disagreed with their opinion.During the Scientific Revolution, people need a stable government because of what happened during the Protestant Reformation. However, people also wanted to live in peace with the government and their neighbors and whoever else. Rousseau would have felt the same about the government and about how people were living their lives during the Scientific Revolution as he would have from his original philosophy. Voltaire does not seem to care much for the government, â€Å"He was a great crusader for liberty and was twice imprisoned for his writings. His view of society was that people should be accepting and understanding of each other; when people do not accept each other and their ways of thinking, nothing good will come of it. â€Å"Tolerance has never brought about civil war. Intolerance has covered the earth with destruction (A Treatise on Toleration). † When it comes to individuals, Voltaire is lighter with his words; he doesn’t penalize them for his distaste in the government. Voltaire believed that people should have certain unalienable rights that cannot be revoked unless they are causing some sort of a public disturbance. Each person must be permitted to believe and to think that which he rightly believes in. Each person should be able to speak freely as long as it does not disturb the public order. Each person must be able to freely practice any religion which he believes in†¦ (A Treatise on Toleration). † Voltaire would have the same feelings about the government and about the people during the Protestant Reformation. It was a time when nobody liked the government/ churches and the people wanted their rights because they were losing faith in religion.During the Scientific Revolution people wanted their rights because they weren’t big on religion anymore, so, Voltaire probably would have felt the same way as his original writings. In conclu sion, each philosopher had their own ideas and ways of thinking about the government, different societies, and its citizens. Each man may have also been influenced differently by the Renaissance, Protestant Reformation, or the Scientific Revolution. These enlightenment philosophers have left their mark on history and will always be remembered as influential figures.

The Story of Rosewood

Ingred Thompson Minority Groups 2390. 50 Dr. Dollarhide Texas Wesleyan University Fall 2012 This is the story of Rosewood, Fl. I chose this film because of its sensitive subject on Racism and Discrimination. Rosewood is the true story of a small Florida town, was inhabited that almost entirely by quiet, â€Å"middle-class† African- Americans (most of them home and land owners and better off than average at the time. ) On New Year's Day, 1923, the town was wiped off the face of the earth by angry whites from a neighboring community.It occurred because of the false testimony of one white woman. The massacre in Rosewood claimed dozens of African American's lives. At a time when racial tension was incredibly high, the black members of a small segregated community found themselves unprotected from the hatred of the neighboring white men. The director of this movie is John Singleton; he was on born January 6, 1968, he is a film director, screenwriter, and producer. He is a native of South Los Angeles. A lot of Singletons films deal with issues ranging from discrimination, racism, prejudice, and stereotyping.I will look to explore the different areas of conflict regarding the maltreatment of the African American people. I think that it was so unfortunate for them to be driven away from their homes and life as they knew it. Some of the areas that this film deals with are: Prejudice, Racism, and Discrimination. The conflict theoretical perspective of Weber is utilized throughout the film. The whites were in control of everything, except for the land that the blacks owned (but they wanted to own it too).Prejudice is found throughout this film among the Anglo-Saxon community because of what one woman claimed happened to her. Prejudice is defined as the tendency to think and feel negatively about members of other groups. The main factor of Prejudice as seen it this movie reflects the same ideas that were learned in class. Stereotyping is also present, just because s he (Taylor) didn’t want to be found out she blamed a black man for assaulting and raping her. The fact that the sheriff didn’t really believe her account of what happened, he had to go along with the majority in order to save his ob. This was a case of selective perception, because they only seen it one way, the black man did it. Discrimination on the other hand is the unequal treatment of people based on their membership in a group. Because of what Fannie Taylor said happened to her a whole community suffered at the hands of a group of racist white people. On the morning of January 1, 1923 Fannie Coleman Taylor of Sumner Florida, claimed she was assaulted by a black man. No one disputed her account and no questions were asked.It was assumed she was reporting the incident accurately. Sarah Carrier a black woman from Rosewood, who did the laundry for Fannie Taylor and was present on the morning of the incident, claimed the man that assaulted Fannie Taylor was her white lover. It was believed the two lovers quarreled and he abused Fannie and left. No one questioned Fannie Taylor's account and no one asked Sarah Carrier about the incident. The black community claimed Fannie Taylor was only protecting herself from scandal.Fannie’s husband learned of the incident and became angry. The local white community became aroused at the alleged abuse of a white woman by a black man, which was an unpardonable sin against black men back then to look at a white woman. James Taylor summoned help from Levy County and neighboring Alachua County, who was ending a staged Klu Klux Klan rally leading up to January 1, 1923, on the court house square in downtown Gainesville, where a large number of KKK members had been rallying and marching in opposition of justice for black people.The accounts of what happened: 12/31/22: On New Year's Eve a large Ku Klux Klan Parade is held in Gainesville. 01/01/23: Early morning: Fannie Taylor reports an attack by an unidentified black man. Monday afternoon: Aaron Carrier is apprehended by a posse and is spirited out of the area by Sheriff Walker. Late afternoon: A posse of white vigilantes apprehends and kills a black man named Sam Carter. 01/02/23: Armed whites begin gathering in Sumner. 01/04/23: Late evening: White vigilantes attack the Carrier house. Two white men are killed, and several others wounded.A black woman, Sarah Carrier is killed and others inside the Carrier house are either killed or wounded. Rosewood's black residents flee into the swamps. One black church is burned, and several unprotected homes. 01/05/23: Approximately 200-300 white men from surrounding areas begin to converge on Rosewood. The negro section is destroyed by fire. Governor Cary Hardee is notified, and Sheriff Walker reports that he fears â€Å"no further disorder. † The Sheriff of Alachua County arrives in Rosewood to assist Sheriff Walker. James Carrier is murdered. 1/06/23: A train evacuates refugees, the Rosewoo d families, to Archer and Gainesville. 01/07/23: A mob of 100-150 whites return to Rosewood and burn the remaining structures. For over 60 years, the former citizens of Rosewood lived quietly with their grief and fear. Finally, through the determined efforts of Rosewood descendants, persistent journalists, and talented lawyers, the long-buried story was brought to light, and the survivors and their families were compensated with a $2 million payment of restitution from the state of Florida.Work cited http://www. africanaonline. com/2010/08/the-rosewood-massacre/ http://www. blackpast. org/? q=aah/rosewood-massacre-1923 http://www. displaysforschools. com/history. html http://www. imdb. com/title/tt0120036/ http://www. reelingreviews. com/reel148. htm#rosewood Like Judgment Day: The Ruin and Redemption of a town called Rosewood. D'Orso, Michael. New York: Putnam 1996. 1st Edition. 8vo. 373pp. http://www. africanonline. com/2010/08/the-rosewood-massacre/

Aztec Indains Essays - Aztec Society, Aztec, Tenochtitlan

Aztec Indains Essays - Aztec Society, Aztec, Tenochtitlan Aztec Indains The Aztec Indians, who are known for their domination of southern and central Mexico, ruled between the 14th and 16th centuries. They built a great empire and developed very modernized ways of doing things. They had phenomenal architectural skills and waterway systems. The Aztec Indians also had very developed social class and government systems and practiced a form of religion. To begin with, the Aztecs were very skilled in the art of Architecture and waterway systems. An example of the monumental architecture within the Aztec society is the great pyramid of Tenochtitlan. Montezuma I, who was the ruler of the Aztecs in 1466, created it. The pyramid was not finished until the rule of Montezuma II, around 1508(Carrasco, Montezuma Mexico, Pg. 49). Aztec cities and towns also had working drinking water and waste treatment systems. An intricate plumbing system using clay pipes ran down from the mountains around Mexico valley to all of the towns and cities in the valley. As the water ran into each town or city it was the dispersed to 10 or 12 places around town were it flowed into a pool for drinking water or was piped into public baths and toilets. Only nobles had working drinking and bathing systems with running water in their homes. The sewage system worked much like today, having human wastes carried to a collection pool where solids were collected, and then having liquids run off into a series of terraces which filtered the water. Solid wastes were allowed to sit in a collection pool for about six months and then were brought to the lake gardens to be used as fertilizer(Jennings, Aztec, Pg. 220). The Aztec social structure contained four well defined classes. At the bottom of the heap were slaves and serfs, or the Tlacotli, who worked the private lands of the nobility. Next came the Macehualtin, the fortunate, as they were called because they were equally free of the heavy responsibility of the nobility and of the slaves liability to being basely used. They were the merchants, shopkeepers and artisans that made up the bulk of the population. The Macehualtin belonged to localized kin groups known as calpulli or big houses, each of which had its own lands, clan leaders, and temple(Jennings, Aztec, Pg. 354). After that came the hereditary nobility or Pipiltin, who supplied the top bureaucrats in the Aztec imperial system, and from whose ranks was a formed a council which advised the emperor and elected his successor from the ruling lineage. Also all of the nobility had the sound ztin added to the end of their name. At the very top of the ladder was the Uey-Tlatoani, or revered s peaker. He had absolute control over civil affairs and it was his job to increase the size of the Aztec Empire every year and if he didn't wage enough wars within a period of time he would be impeached and replaced by the Pipiltin(Oliphant, Atlas of the Ancient World. Pg. 268). The Aztec government consisted of principally of the leadership of the royal house and the vast bureaucracy backed by it. The Uey-Tlatoani dealed mainly with external affairs of the Aztec empire, such as starting wars and making peace treaties. Also there was a parallel ruler, another member of the royal lineage, known as the Cihuacoatl. He dealt mainly with the internal affairs of Tenochtitlan such as the water system and the justice system. The bureaucracy was set into place by the nobles and performed the same function that civil servants perform today(Oliphant, Atlas of the Ancient World, 195). To maintain the empire the Aztec government made the territories it conquered contributes twice yearly. Taxes were collected from the territories also and careful accounts were kept of what territories had to pay. The heavy taxation and forced tribute disgruntled many territories. When Hernando Cortez arrived in the early 1500's they were happy to help him as spies and informants(Blacker, Cortez and The Aztec Conquest, 143). Aztec religion was based on the worship of many gods, but the most important was the sun god. Aztec priests were not allowed to bathe or wash ever during their time as a priest. This resulted in the priests becoming